Lub hnub ci roj teeb yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau lub hlwb photovoltaic, uas yog, cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm hloov hluav taws xob hnub ci rau hluav taws xob. Qhov ntau cov ntsiab lus suav nrog hauv cov roj teeb, qhov ntau dua qhov txawv ntawm hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm nws tuaj yeem tsim.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm photocells yog raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm sab hauv photoelectric effect, nrhiav tau los ntawm E. Becquerel xyoo 1839. Tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, ua tsaug rau kev paub txog science thiab thev naus laus zis, nws thiaj li ua tau los ua cov noob hnub ci me, pheej yig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Thiab, raws li, tam sim ntawd qhib txaus lub sijhawm rau kev siv lub hnub ci ci, muaj lawv.
Yog tias peb piav qhia txoj ntsiab cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm photocell hauv cov lus yooj yim tshaj plaws, tom qab ntawd nws yog ib semiconductor uas muaj ob lub silicon wafers nrog qee yam ntxiv. Cov khoom sib ntxiv tsim ib qho dhau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ib phaj thiab ib qho uas tsis muaj ntawm lwm qhov. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov xaim hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm kev txav mus rau hauv thaj chaw uas lawv tsis txaus, qhov thiaj li hu ua kev thaiv txheej txheej yog nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm ob txheej txheej no. Qhov kev txav no tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lwm yam sab nraud.
Xws li sab nraud yog photons ntawm lub hnub ci. Tau txais lawv lub zog, cov xaim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov tsis kam ntawm qhov chaw thaiv cov txheej txheej. Ib qhov txawv txav yuav tshwm sim hauv lub semiconductor, yog li ntawd, tam sim no yuav pib ntws.
Lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm photons puas tau los ntawm cov nplaim photocell. Thiab qhov nyiaj no, nyeg, nyob ntawm ntau yam, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas yog siv ntawm lub hnub ci teeb meem. Raws li qhov no, nws yooj yim to taub vim li cas cov hnub ci kab hluav taws xob tau siv dav dav, feem ntau hauv cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb. Hauv cov teb chaws xws li Spain, Ltalis, Tim Nkij teb chaws, Qaib Cov Txwv, thiab lwm yam, hnub ci vaj huam sib luag zog ua lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog tag nrho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov.
Ntawm chav kawm, hnub ci vaj huam sib luag muaj qhov tsis zoo. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub moos yam tsis muaj lub teeb ci, yog li nws tsim nyog los txuas cov khoom siv rau lawv kom ruaj khov qhov hluav taws xob thiab tsub ntxiv hluav taws xob them. Lawv yog cov sib dua hnyav thiab yog li ntawd xav tau ntau qhov chaw xa tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj ntau yam zoo. Qhov twg muaj peev xwm ua nrog lub peev xwm me me, thiab tib lub sijhawm nws tsis tuaj yeem txuas mus rau cov xaim hluav taws xob, hnub ci ci tsuas yog tsis yooj yim. Zoo, manned spaceships thiab chaw nres tsheb tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lawv txhua.
