Raspberry Pi: Qauv, Ntaus Txuas, OS Teeb Tsa Thiab Yuav Cov Yam Ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Ian Gardner | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 01:20

Raspberry Pi lossis, raws li nws hu ua rau hauv Lavxias-hais lus Is Taws Nem, "raspberry", "raspberry pie", "raspberry pie" yog microcomputer uas tau ua dav hauv Russia thiab thoob ntiaj teb. Nws yog siv los ntawm cov kws tsim txuj ci hauv tsev thiab cov tub txawg dhau los ua cov hloov chaw rau lub khoos phis tawm ntawm lub koos pij tawj thiab ua lub hauv paus ntawm "tsev ntse" rau saib cov yeeb yaj kiab, hloov kho dej ntawm cov zaub hauv tsev cog khoom, tsim cov neeg hlau thiab ntau lwm yam haujlwm. Muaj ob peb ntau yam ntawm Raspberry Pi, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov cuab yeej txuas nrog nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev suav.

Dab tsi yog Raspberry Pi

Qhov Raspberry Pi yog qhov me me tab sis tiav lub khoos phis tawm. Raws li nws cov yam ntxwv sab nraud, nws tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi qhov thiaj li hu ua. muab khij rau hauv lossis tso rau lub khoos phis tawj xwb, i.e. khoos phis tawm npaj rau kev siv ua ib feem ntawm ib qho khoom lag luam: tsheb, tsheb consoles, khoom siv hauv chaw lag luam thiab khoom siv kho mob, ntse hauv tsev, Internet ntawm Yam khoom, thiab lwm yam. Tsis zoo li microcontrollers xws li Arduino, Raspberry Pi muaj qhov ua haujlwm tiav, yog li nws muaj peev xwm ua ntau yam haujlwm tiav.

Raspberry Pi yog cov cim lag luam ntawm Raspberry Pi Foundation.

Dab tsi yog Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi cov computers tau muag txij xyoo 2012, thiab ob peb ntau hom tau tawm hauv lub sijhawm ntawd. Hauv qab no peb yuav los saib ze dua ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub, thiab peb yuav sau cov qauv ua haujlwm luv luv.

Raspberry Pi 3 qauv B

Cov kab no tau tawm hauv Lub Ob Hlis 2016. Ntawm no yog nws lub ntsiab cov yam ntxwv kev:

• processor (CPU): 64-ntsis 4-core ARM 1.2 GHz;
• mus saib random (RAM): 1 GB;
• loj: 85, 6x56, 5x17 hli.

Qhov ua tau rau kev cuam tshuam nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud ntawm lub khoos phis tawj no yog qhov zoo heev:

• tag nrho cov loj ntawm HDMI cov zis video;
• 4 qhov loj tag nrho USB txuas;
• audio audio;
• Ethernet txuas rau wired LAN txuas;
• WI-nkaus rau wireless txuas txuas;
• Bluetooth;
• microSD daim npav qhov;
• Lub hom phiaj dav dav cov khoom siv txuas-tso zis txuas (thiaj li hu ua GPIO);
• lub koob yees duab txuas (CSI);
• tso khoom txuas (DSI) incl. txhawb kov kov cov ntxaij vab tshaus, thiaj li hu ua. tus kheej.

Thov nco ntsoov tias lub Raspberry Pi 3 qauv B board tsis muaj onboard flash. Txhawm rau kom khiav tib lub koos pij tawj no, koj yuav tsum nqa daim npav microSD, sau cov duab ntawm lub operating system rau nws, thiab ntxig rau nws rau hauv qhov ntawm daim txiag.

Tsis tas li, ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B yog kev siv ntawm micro-USB txuas los txuas lub zog mov, ib yam li hauv xov tooj ntawm tes niaj hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub siab tias tsis yog txhua tus nqi xov tooj haum rau lub hwj chim ntawm "raspberry". Piv txwv, kom ua kom lub zog Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B, cov neeg tsim khoom siv pom zoo kom siv lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom uas ntseeg siab tau teev mus txog 2.5A.

Raspberry Pi 3 Xoom thiab Xoom W

Cov no yog cov tshwj xeeb sib txawv ntawm Raspberry Pi nrog txo qhov me me thiab, raws li lub zog. Lub xoom 3 tso tawm thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 2016, thiab xoom xoom ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 2017. Lawv tau tsim rau cov ntawv thov qhov twg qhov kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm tus qauv qub tsis tas yuav tsum tau, tab sis qhov loj me me thiab qis zog siv yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Ntawm no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov qauv no:

• processor (CPU): 1 GHz 32-ntsis 1-ntxhais ARM;
• kev nkag tau ntawm lub cim (RAM): 512 MB;
• loj: 65x30x5 hli.

Qhov ua rau nkag mus cuag cov cuab yeej sab nraud yog qhov tsis tshua nyob ntawm no:

• mini HDMI tso zis video;
• 1 micro-USB txuas;
• microSD daim npav qhov;
• General Lub Hom Phiaj Tawm Tawm / Tso Tawm (GPIO) txuas
• lub koob yees duab txuas (CSI).

Xoom W cov sib txawv ntawm tsuas yog Xoom hauv qhov nws muaj Wi-nkaus thiab Bluetooth. Ob lub laug cam yog powered ntawm lub micro-USB txuas. Yog li, muaj 2 lub micro-USB txuas, ib qho yog tsuas yog siv rau kev sib txuas hwj chim, thiab lwm qhov rau kev txuas sab nraud cov cuab yeej.

Thov nco tseg: Ib yam li nws tus tij laug, Raspberry Pi 3 qauv B, cov qauv no tsis muaj onboard flash memory. Txhawm rau kom khiav tib lub koos pij tawj no, koj yuav tsum nqa daim npav microSD, sau cov duab ntawm lub operating system rau nws, thiab ntxig rau nws rau hauv qhov ntawm daim txiag.

Raspberry Pi 3 Compute Module

Qhov no thiaj li hu ua. Compute Node - Ib hom Raspberry Pi tshwj xeeb uas tsim los siv los ua cov khoom lag luam. Lub zog ntawm lub tshuab txig no yog tib yam li Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B, thiab qhov ntev yog qhov ze rau xoom sib txawv:

• processor (CPU): 64-ntsis 4-core ARM 1.2 GHz;
• mus saib random (RAM): 1 GB;
• loj: 67, 6x31 hli.

Lub ntsiab sib txawv los ntawm yav tas suav tias yog ntau yam muaj raws li nram no:

• txhua cov khoom sib txuas tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib qho loj 200 tus pin SO-DIMM qhov txuas nyob ntawm ntug ntawm pawg thawj coj;
• tsis muaj Wi-nkaus, Bluetooth thiab Ethernet;
• muaj lub cim nco-rau ntawm 4 GB.

Txhawm rau siv qhov kev sib dhos no, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj lub qhov SO-DIMM. Los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas no, cov node tau txais lub zog thiab sib cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm qhov uas nws yog ib feem, piv txwv li, tsheb, CNC tshuab, drone, thiab lwm yam.

Cov lus nug yuav tshwm sim: vim li cas koj xav tau lub laij lej nkees yog tias koj twb muaj Raspberry Pi 3 qauv B thiab Xoom? Cov lus teb tau yooj yim: ua ntej, Xoom yog tseem lub computer tsis tshua muaj zog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm lub hwj chim; thiab Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B yog tswj rau cov khoom siv tes ua kom zoo nkauj, rau qee tus neeg redundancy loj thiab cov khoom txuas yog qhov siv tau. Hauv kev siv ntawm kev siv Raspberry Pi, cov khoom siv txuas tsis tau rau lub luag haujlwm, txawm tias lawv muab zais hauv qab txooj. Pom zoo, nws yuav yog qhov txawv heev yog tias ib tug neeg tshawb pom lub koob yees duab txuas lossis cov khub ntawm USB chaw nres nkoj sab hauv, hais, txoj kev lom zem hauv tsev.

Kuj tseem muaj lub teeb tsa sib piv ntawm lub laij nem: nws txawv ntawm qhov ua tiav qhov tsis ua ntawm teeb meem nco.

Yav dhau los Raspberry Pi cov qauv

Ntawm cov ntau yam ntawm "Raspberry ncuav qab zib" ntawm lub xyoo dhau los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, Raspberry Pi 2 qauv B yog kab tias qhov muaj ntau tshaj plaws:

Nws tsuas yog qis me ntsis hauv kev ua haujlwm rau nws 3 tiam tus tij laug laus, thiab qhov ntev, cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov xaim hluav taws xob txuas tau zoo ib yam.

Thawj version ntawm Raspberry Pi Zero, tso tawm thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2015, txawv ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj txuas rau txuas lub koob yees duab.

Ib qho kev tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv piv txwv thawj zaug ntawm Raspberry Pi qauv B, tsim nyob rau xyoo 2012 thiab 2013, tau nyob ntawm cov khoom tso tawm ib qho yeeb yaj duab ntawm RCA, cov kev sib ntxiv. Tulip, thiab tsawg dua USB ports:

Tsis tas li, cov Raspberry Pi cov qauv muaj qhov luv luv GPIO txuas thiab ua ke ntawm tsuas yog 26 pins. Txawm li cas los xij, rov tom qab kev sib raug zoo yog khaws cia: nthuav cov laug cam, tso tawm rau cov Raspberry Pi, tuaj yeem sib txuas tau yam tsis muaj kev hloov mus rau thawj 26 pins ntawm GPIO txuas ntawm niaj hnub "raspberries", nyob rau hauv uas tus txuas no muaj 40 pins. Ntxiv mus, ntau cov cuab yeej nthuav dav txuas nrog Raspberry Pi GPIO tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum cov thawj piv txwv ntawm lub khoos phis tawm ntxiv yog txuas nrog I / O txuas.

Kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm Raspberry Pi 1 tus qauv A, uas yog tus kwv yau ntawm tus qauv B: nws tsuas muaj 1 USB txuas, thiab tsis muaj Ethernet txuas.

Tag nrho 1 tiam Raspberry Pi cov qauv tsis muaj teeb meem wireless txuas zoo xws li Wi-nkaus thiab Bluetooth. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm txuas cov khoom sib txuas rau lawv ntawm lub USB txuas.

Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog Raspberry Pi

Nws tuaj yeem hais tau yooj yim: yog tias ib txoj haujlwm daws tau siv lub khoos phis tawj lossis microcontroller, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab, raws li txoj cai, pheej yig daws teeb meem siv Raspberry Pi!

Ib yam li ib lub khoos phis tawj, lub peev xwm ntawm Raspberry Pi yog txiav txim siab tsis tsuas yog kho vajtse, piv txwv li. lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv soldered ntawm cov board-board nkaus xwb thiab txuas nrog nws, tab sis kuj los ntawm "software", i.e. software. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub software ntawm ib lub computer yog operating system. Lub Raspberry Pi tuaj yeem khiav ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, tab sis txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb rau nws yog Raspbian. Peb qhia koj kom siv nws feem ntau ntawm kev tsis sib haum, vim hais tias nws yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau Raspberry Pi.

Yog li dab tsi tuaj yeem ua nrog lub rooj tsav xwm hauv computer no ib zaug? Cia peb pib nrog qee qhov yooj yim, hais lus piv txwv:

• Lub Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B yuav ua tiav hloov lub computer ua haujlwm: ntxig daim npav SD nrog cov duab kaw ntawm Raspbian kev ua haujlwm rau nws, txuas lub keyboard thiab nas rau nws ntawm USB txuas lossis Bluetooth, thiab tus saib ntawm HDMI - thiab ntawm no koj yog! Lub Raspbian OS tseem niaj hnub no. Tom qab tsim nws, tus neeg siv tau txais mus rau paub lub graphical desktop. Lub OS muaj Chromium lub web browser, txheej txheej ntawm LibreOffice chaw ua haujlwm kev thov thiab kev xa ntawv thov. Koj tuaj yeem txuas lub khoos phis tawm mus rau lub chaw sib txuas hauv zos tom haujlwm lossis tom tsev ua ke nrog xaim los ntawm Ethernet txuas lossis hauv xov tooj cua siv Wi-nkaus.
• Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tub ntxhais kawm lub computer ntiag tug. Ntxiv rau qhov Internet uas twb hais tag los lawm thiab cov ntawv thov siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm, nws muaj cov hauv kev kawm kev kawm hauv Scratch, Python, Perl, C / C ++, JavaScript. Koj tuaj yeem ua lej nrog Wolfram Mathematica app, thiab koj kuj tuaj yeem sau suab paj nruag hluav taws xob nrog Sonic Pi.

Rau kev teeb tsa ntawm kev thov, ntau ntawm lwm cov ntawv thov muaj rau txhua lub sijhawm.

Tsis tshua pom tseeb, tab sis kuj pom ntau tus piv txwv ntawm kev siv tus Raspberry Pi:

• qhov chaw multimedia lom zem chaw xws li Kodi;
• "Digital signage": cov video player rau lub monitor nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw: khw muag khoom, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, khw qhov rai, thiab lwm yam;
• duab kiosk.

Ntxiv mus, yog tias koj npaj siab ua haujlwm nrog koj txhais tes, koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej raws li Raspberry Pi:

• phau ntawv sau;
• webcam;
• lub koob yees duab rau lub sijhawm-lapse video txias;
• Wi-nkaus router;
• tus pab cuam lub suab nyiam Yandex. Station;
• tsis siv neeg sib hloov xov tooj (hloov xov tooj tsis siv neeg);
• xov xwm huab cua tso tawm;
• hluav taws xob dashboard rau lub tsheb;
• ib lub qhov rooj miv uas paub txog koj tus tsiaj thiab tso rau nws nkaus xwb;
• pheej yig hmo ua qhov muag tsom iav;
• thiab ntau lwm tus.

Yog tias koj nyiam nrog neeg hlau, koj tuaj yeem tsim koj qhov Raspberry Pi neeg hlau:

• yooj yim 2-wheeled tsheb;
• tib lub tsheb uas tuaj yeem tsav nrog txoj kab sib xws;
• cov chaw taws teeb tswj tshuab;
• L3-37 los ntawm Star Wars;
• lwm yam.

Txuas cov twj hluav taws xob rau Raspberry Pi

Tsev neeg txuas thiab wireless txuas

Koj tuaj yeem txuas lub TV, saib lossis lub vis dis aus saib mus rau HDMI cov zis video. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tso zis video tawm. Txhawm rau txais lub teeb liab los ntawm nws, koj yuav tsum siv cov hlau tshwj xeeb txuas rau 3.5 hli audio audio.

Txhua USB lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem txuas rau USB txuas ntawm Raspberry Pi, muab tias tus neeg tsav tsheb rau nws tau nrawm rau hauv qhov kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv uas ib lub koos pij tawj tswj hwm tau ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv uas nquag siv xws li lub keyboards, nas, flash drive thiab sab nraud hard drive ua haujlwm tawm ntawm lub thawv. Tab sis txuas rau 3G / 4G modem lossis TV txais yuav tej zaum yuav tsum tau muaj kev tuav ntawm kev tsav tsheb. Cov npe tsis tiav ntawm cov cuab yeej uas ua haujlwm nrog Raspberry Pi tuaj yeem pom ntawm eLinux.org.

Cov tawm suab yog ib qho tsis tu ncua 3.5 hli jack, koj tuaj yeem txuas lub mloog pob ntseg lossis lub xov wired nrog lub suab txuas ntxiv rau nws.

Bluetooth: koj tuaj yeem txuas cov pob ntseg, hais lus wireless thiab ntau lwm yam khoom siv; koj tuaj yeem txuas lub xov tooj smartphone thiab tswj koj lub koos pij tawj tib los ntawm nws.

Wi-Fi: Lub Raspberry Pi tuaj yeem ua raws li cov twj siv qhev, qhov sib hu. tus neeg siv ntawm lub network Wi-nkaus, thiab raws li kev tshaj tawm, thiaj li hu ua Wi-Fi hotspot.

Lub koob yees duab thiab npo

Lub Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B thiab Xoom muaj lub siab txuas lub koob yees duab txuas. Cov koob yees duab muaj nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm 5 thiab 8 megapixels, nrog thiab tsis muaj qhov lim infrared, nrog qhov ruaj khov lossis ntev focal ntev, rau hnub lossis hmo ntuj yees duab - kev xaiv loj heev, thiab yuav txaus siab rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv feem ntau.

Cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib yam nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus: Cov ntxaij vijtsam LCD muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, nrog rau cov txhawb 10-taw tes kov, xim, monochrome thiab xim dub thiab dawb. Tseem muaj cov ntawv luam hauv e-ntawv, uas yog qhov zoo rau cov ntawv thov uas cov duab tsis nquag dua tshiab. Nyuaj, cov ntxaij vab tshaus rau Raspberry Pi yog kev sib txuas tsis yog ntawm DSI txuas, tab sis kuj dhau GPIO, HDMI thiab USB txuas.

Kev nthuav dav ntoo

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Raspberry Pi yog GPIO - 40-tus pin dav dav hom phiaj I / O txuas:

Cov laug vaj huam sib luag (HAT, Cov lus Askiv ua haujlwm nyob rau sab saum toj) tuaj yeem txuas rau nws, uas ntxiv cov haujlwm tshiab rau hauv lub khoos phis tawm. Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv xws li lub rooj tsavxwm yog tias koj tsis tas yuav cam los yog ua tib zoo txuas ntawm GPIO pins thiab cov board txuas nrog ib tus nrog jumpers. Txhua tus txuas pins muaj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb; cia li dlhos cov khoom txuas ntawm Raspberry Pi nrog cov counterpart ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm ntsaws, nias - thiab koj ua tiav! Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg, txawm li cas los xij, tias lub hom phiaj ntawm qee qhov ntawm GPIO pins tuaj yeem hloov tau. Yog tias qhov no yog qhov teeb meem no, txheeb xyuas phau ntawv rau lub rooj zaum ntsaws kom pom tias nws yuav ua haujlwm nrog cov koob hloov pauv.

Qhov no yog li cas, piv txwv li, Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B zoo li nrog Sense HAT board txuas nrog:

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm expansion phaib yog tiag tiag loj heev. Ntawm no yog qhov deb ntawm tag nrho cov hom:

• LEDs thiab lawv cov phiaj;
• LED (OLED), LCD (TFT), ntu cov ntxaij vab tshaus;
• cov suab nrov nrov me me, nrov nrov (nrov npe nrov);
• microphones;
• cov npav suab, suab nrov ua haujlwm nrov;
• khawm, cov yuam sij, tus kheej;
• cov txais thiab emitters ntawm duab hluav taws xob infrared;
• GPS / GLONASS teeb liab txais;
• NFC / RFID, LPWAN, XBee, Z-wave transceivers;
• GSM 2G / 3G / 4G modems;
• contactors (relays);
• cov hloov digital-to-analog thiab analog-rau-digital;
• uninterruptible zog khoom siv;
• tswj cov laug cam rau kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab servo drives;
• lwm yam.

Nws tseem yog qhov yooj yim zoo uas ntau lub rooj nthuav dav tuaj yeem txuas nrog Raspberry Pi GPIO tib lub sijhawm. Nws hloov tawm ib yam dab tsi zoo li whatnot los yog lub ncuav mog qab zib puff. Yog lawm, thaum sib txuas ntau lub rooj nthuav dav mus rau Raspberry Pi cov khoom siv dav dav I / O txuas, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov twg GPIO pins txhua lub rooj tsavxwm siv thiab ua li cas thiaj li hais tias cov laug cam tsis cuam tshuam rau ib leeg.

Cov Ntsuas

Koj tuaj yeem txuas cov sensors rau Raspberry Pi, tej zaum rau txhua yam uas koj tuaj yeem xav:

• cua kub cua, kua, av;
• av noo ntawm huab cua, av;
• lub teeb nrig;
• infrared, ultraviolet hluav taws xob;
• cua siab;
• kev txav mus los;
• poob siab, co;
• kev nrawm nrawm;
• kov;
• cua ceev thiab kev taw qhia;
• qaij;
• nrug;
• cov lus qhia rau cov ntsiab lus cardinal (duab xis);
• haus luam yeeb;
• cov pa roj: cov pa oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, NO2, hydrogen, methane, tsev neeg, vapors cawv, thiab lwm yam;
• palpitations;
• Tus Suab Sensor;
• sib nqus teb;
• tam sim no lub zog;
• kev haus dej;
• thiab lwm yam.

Cov ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yog ob qho digital thiab analog. Cov qauv sib txuas rau txhua lub sensor yog txawv. Qee tus txuas ncaj qha rau cov laj thawj cov ntsiab lus tawm / tso tawm (GPIO) txuas ntxiv, thaum lwm tus txuas mus rau daim npav nthuav tshwj xeeb lossis txuas rau USB txuas. Qee qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav xav tau cov xov tooj cua yooj yim xws li resistors mus txuas. Nyob ntawm txoj kev sib txuas, nws yog ib qho ua tau los txuas ib qho nkaus xwb rau ib tus Raspberry Pi lossis ntau ntau ib zaug, ob qho tib qho thiab tib qho.

Nta ntawm kev yuav Raspberry Pi

Yog tias koj yuav yuav lub rooj tsav xwm hauv computer no ib zaug, ua tib zoo xav txog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

MicroSD daim npav nco

Raspberry Pi, tshwj tsis yog rau Compute Module ntau yam, tsis muaj qhov cim cia (nyem) lub cim cia. Lub cim xeeb no yuav muaj ib cov duab ntawm cov operating system, application software, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau lawv ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, koj kuj yuav tsum tau yuav microSD daim npav. Lub peev xwm ntawm 4 GB yog txaus rau cov ntawv thov pib, tab sis peb pom zoo kom siv daim npav nrog qhov loj me ntawm 8 GB lossis ntau dua.

Lub zog ntawm lub zog

Lub Raspberry Pi yog muag yam tsis muaj roj fais fab. Lub fais fab mov yuav tsum tau nruab nrog micro txuas USB, zoo ib yam li cov neeg niaj hnub siv xov tooj ntawm tes siv hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua lub xov tooj them lub haum rau lub hwj chim Raspberry Pi. Piv txwv, kom ua kom lub zog Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B, cov neeg tsim khoom siv pom zoo kom siv lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom uas ntseeg siab tau teev mus txog 2.5A. Txog rau xoom ntau yam, ib qho khoom siv tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem siv tau. Nco ntsoov tias ntau nyob ntawm tus naj npawb thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv USB txuas nrog thiab cov npav nthuav dav, ntxiv rau ntawm seb koj puas siv cov ntaub ntawv wireless hloov ntawm Wi-nkaus lossis Bluetooth.

Cov ncej

Lub Raspberry Pi yog muag yam tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej. Qee qhov xwm txheej, koj tsis tas yuav muaj rooj plaub yog tias koj yuav tsim lub koos pij tawj ib leeg no rau hauv ib qho khoom lag luam uas muaj nws rooj plaub. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua ib rooj plaub koj tus kheej los ntawm cov khoom tsim kho, lossis txawm sau nws rau ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D - hauv Web koj yuav pom ntau cov qauv 3D npaj ntawm rooj plaub rau "raspberries".

Yog tias koj qhov teeb meem tsis siv rau cov tau teev saum toj no, tom qab ntawv yuav ib rooj plaub nrog Raspberry Pi. Nco ntsoov tias lub Xoom cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv yuav tsis haum rau Raspberry Pi 3 qauv B. Qhov kev sib cav kuj yuav yog lossis tsis muaj tseeb - nyeem cov lus piav qhia kom zoo. Thiab, thaum xaiv rooj plaub, xav txog:

• seb koj yuav txuas cov npav nthuav dav ntxiv: qhov no cuam tshuam rau qhov siab ntawm rooj plaub;
• koj puas txuas lub koob yees duab: muaj qhov xwm txheej uas twb muaj qhov chaw rau txhim kho lub koob yees duab;
• seb koj yuav txuas lub vijtsam: muaj qhov xwm txheej uas twb muaj chaw rau nruab qhov screen;
• koj puas yuav txuas cov khoom siv sab nraud mus rau lub hom phiaj dav dav ntxiv / tso tawm (GPIO) txuas ntawm Raspberry Pi, xws li sensors, LEDs, khawm, cov ntxaij vab tshaus, thiab lwm yam.: muaj cov ntaub thaiv nrog cov slots rau cov xov hlau mus rau qhov txuas GPIO.

Lub sij hawm moos tiag

Lub Raspberry Pi tsis muaj qhov teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw tsim lub sijhawm. Qhov no txhais tau tias txhua zaus thaum fais fab tua, lub moos nres. Rau qee qhov kev siv Raspberry Pi, nws tsis muaj teeb meem. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, rau koj rooj plaub, sijhawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub computer yog tsim nyog, xav txog cov hauv qab no:

• txhua lub sijhawm tom qab hloov mus, teeb lub sijhawm ua ke. Nov yog txoj kev tsis yooj yim tshaj plaws;
• teeb tsa kev txuas mus tas li ntawm Raspberry Pi mus rau Is Taws Nem ntawm Wi-nkaus, Ethernet, 2G / 3G / 4G GSM modem lossis Bluetooth. Hauv qhov no, ob peb feeb tom qab pib lub Raspberry Pi thiab tsim kom muaj qhov sib txuas nrog Is Taws Nem, lub moos yuav cia li raug txiav txim siab rau tus nqi raug;
• yuav thiab nruab cov ntawv nthuav tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, RasClock, uas muaj lub sijhawm teev sijhawm thiab roj teeb uas muaj nyob;
• yuav thiab teeb tsa lub rooj tsav xwm kev nthuav dav zoo ib yam li UPS Pico uas yuav ua haujlwm raws li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg muab hluav taws xob rau koj lub Raspberry Pi. Lub roj teeb uas txuas tau txuas nrog rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, uas yuav muab lub hwj chim rau koj lub computer thaum hluav taws xob tsis muaj los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj.

Raspberry Pi ua lub lag luam hauv tsev lossis ua haujlwm hauv computer

Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav yuav Raspberry Pi los siv los ua haujlwm ua haujlwm lossis tom tsev computer, koj tseem yuav xav tau:

• keyboard txuas ntawm USB lossis Bluetooth;
• nas txuas nrog ntawm USB lossis Bluetooth;
• saib xyuas lossis TV nrog HDMI lossis DVI kev txuas, nyob rau tom kawg rooj plaub, koj tseem yuav xav tau HDMI rau DVI adapter.

Muaj kev xaiv ntxiv

Raws li txoj cai, hauv cov khw muag khoom uas koj tuaj yeem yuav Raspberry Pi, ntau yam khoom siv ntxiv thiab cov khoom ntxiv muag kuj tau muag: cov rooj nthuav dav, cov ntsuas pa, cov koob yees duab, cov ntxaij vab tshaus, txuas cov xov hlau, cov dhia paj nruag Tsis txhob hnov qab yuav cov cov khoom siv no nrog koj Raspberry Pi.

Txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub Raspberry Pi 3

Xaiv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm rau lub Raspberry Pi 3

Cov ua tiav ntawm cov kab ke ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm Raspberry Pi 3, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov laus ntau yam ntawm "raspberry", muaj ntau daim kaum os. Feem ntau cov no yog Linux ntsiav raws OSs xws li Raspbian, Ubuntu, LibreELEC, thiab OSMC. Koj tuaj yeem nruab qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm ntawm Windows 10 - IoT Core. Yog lawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm txhua qhov haujlwm ua haujlwm txhawb nqa hauv ib kab lus. Peb yuav txwv peb tus kheej los piav txog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub OS tseem ceeb tsim rau Raspberry Pi - Raspbian OS, tom qab ntawd peb yuav tham txog kev txhim kho Windows 10 IoT Core thiab, thaum kawg, hais txog kev txhim kho Kodi media center.

Koj yuav xav tau

• Raspberry Pi 3 tus qauv B, Xoom, lossis lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm cov microcomputer no;
• microSD daim npav 8 GB lossis loj dua;
• fais fab mov rau "Rais nyuaj";
• USB keyboard;
• USB nas;
• saib xyuas txuas nrog ntawm HDMI-txuas;
• lwm lub khoos phis tawm muaj microSD daim npav nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv.

Nov yog khawv koob lo lus NOOBS

NOOBS sawv rau Tshiab Tawm Tawm Ntawm Lub Software, uas tuaj yeem txhais ua Lavxias ua "kev teeb tsa software". Qhov no yog tib yam li, piv txwv li, lub installation DVD lossis lub teeb nyem flash drive nrog lub Windows 10 lossis Linux operating system rau lub khoos phis tawj ntiag tug. Feem ntau, OS teeb tsa los ntawm DVD lossis USB flash drive yog ua rau lub khoos phis tawj nyuaj, thiab lub installation tawm nws tus kheej tsis hloov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm NOOBS rau Raspberry Pi 3, nws yog ua tiav sib txawv: koj sau NOOBS teeb tsa software rau lub cim xeeb daim ntawv, ntxig rau nws rau "raspberry", tig nws thiab nkag rau hauv installer. Tom qab nws ua tiav haujlwm, lub operating system ntawm koj xaiv yuav raug teeb tsa ntawm daim npav flash tsis yog NOOBS.

Nco ntsoov tias qhov no tsis yog tib txoj kev los nruab OS ntawm daim Raspberry Pi 3. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov neeg siv novice, peb pom zoo kom siv nws: nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws.

Cov kab ke ua haujlwm hauv qab no tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me siv NOOBS:

• Raspbian,
• Qhov rai 10 IoT Core,
• LibreELEC thiab OSMC yog cov haujlwm rau Kodi media center.

Nws yog qhov ua tau rau nruab ob peb lwm cov kev khiav hauj lwm uas siv NOOBS, tab sis lawv qhov kev xav tau dhau qhov teev ntawm tsab xov xwm no.

Txhim Kho Raspbian ntawm Raspberry Pi 3

Txhawm rau nruab Raspbian kev khiav haujlwm ntawm Raspberry Pi siv NOOBS, ua raws li theem hauv qab:

1. rub tawm SD daim npav nco Card Formatter thov los ntawm SD Association network ntawm;
2. ntxig rau hauv daim npav cim xeeb uas koj xav sau Raspbian duab rau hauv microSD daim npav nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv;
3. ntaus cim xeeb daim npav nrog nws;
4. mus rau NOOBS ntu ntawm ntu Downloads ntu ntawm Raspberry Pi Foundation network node thiab rub tawm NOOBS teeb tsa software ua.zip archive. Cov kwv yees kwv yees loj loj yog 1.2 GB;
5. luam cov ncauj lus ntawm.zip archive rau ib qho flash drive. Thov nco tseg: cov ncauj lus ntawm.zip cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv paus ntawm daim ntawv qhia;
6. xyuam xim tshem tawm ntawm daim npav nco;
7. ntxig daim npav microSD rau hauv "raspberry", txuas cov keyboard thiab nas rau USB txuas, txuas lub ntsuas los ntawm HDMI txuas thiab lub hwj huam muab;
8. ntsaws cov tshuab fais fab microcomputer rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob thiab tos rau NOOBS teeb tsa software kom thauj khoom;
9. hauv cov npe uas tshwm sim, xaiv Raspbian operating system;
10. khiav lub installation thiab tos rau nws ua tiav. Tom qab rebooting lub Raspberry Pi 3, Raspbian OS yuav khau raj.

Thov nco tseg: yog tias koj siv lub cim xeeb daim ntawv nrog qhov loj me ntawm 64 GB lossis ntau dua, tom qab ua cov kauj ruam 3, daim npav yuav muaj, raws li nws yuav tsum tau, ib qho kev faib tawm, tab sis nws yuav raug teeb tsa rau hauv exFAT cov ntaub ntawv system, uas microcomputer bootloader tsis nkag siab. Hauv qhov no, tom qab kauj ruam 3, koj yuav tsum siv lwm daim ntawv thov los faib cov muab faib me me ntawm daim npav me me mus rau FAT32 file system. Yog tias lub khoos phis tawm uas koj npaj daim npav nco rau "raspberry" tab tom khiav Linux lossis MacOS, siv cov cuab yeej txheem. Ntawm Windows, tus tsim hluav taws xob teeb tsa tus qauv yuav tsis ua haujlwm, yog li koj yuav tsum siv daim ntawv thov thib peb xws li FAT32 hom ntawv GUI los ntawm RidgeCrop Cov Kws Pab Tswv Yim.

Koj tseem tuaj yeem nruab Raspbian ntawm daim ntawv Raspberry Pi siv ncaj qha upload rau microSD daim npav. Daim duab ntawm lub cim xeeb daim npav, ntawm uas Raspbian twb tau teeb tsa, raug coj mus, thiab ncaj qha hauv cov txheej txheem sau ib daim ntawv rau daim npav tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj qhov xav tau rau nws qhov kev tawm tswv yim ua ntej: qhov xav tau ntawm cov partitions thiab cov ntaub ntawv system twb nyob hauv daim duab qub.

Hom qauv no haum rau cov neeg siv ntau dua. Qhov no yooj yim dua yog tias koj xav tau los npaj ntau Raspberry Pi 3s ib zaug nrog tib lub operating system thiab tib lub teeb tsa ntawm cov ntawv thov software.

Tom ntej no, peb yuav los saib txoj kev txhim kho ntshiab Raspbian ntawm raspberries ua piv txwv. Ua raws li cov theem hauv qab no:

1. mus rau ntu Raspbian ntawm ntu Downloads ntu ntawm Raspberry Pi Foundation network qhov chaw thiab rub tawm Raspbian Stretch nrog desktop lossis Raspbian Stretch Lite ua.zip archive. Kwv yees li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj yog 1300 MB hauv cov ntaub ntawv qub thiab 350 MB hauv cov tom kawg;
2. tshem tawm cov OS duab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub download.zip archive mus rau kev lam nplaub tshev ntawm daim disk. Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau muaj qhov txuas ntxiv.img;
3. rub tawm thiab nruab rau daim ntawv thov Etcher tsim rau cov qis-txias cov txheej txheem ntawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm rau daim npav eeb;
4. ntxig rau hauv daim npav cim xeeb uas koj xav sau Raspbian duab rau hauv microSD daim npav nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv;
5. pib Etcher, sau lub zog tsav tsab ntawv sib haum rau koj daim npav nco, qhia kom meej txoj hauv kev.img cov ntaub ntawv nrog Raspbian operating system cov duab thiab pib sau;
6. tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev sau cia, ntxig daim npav nco mus rau Raspberry Pi 3, txuas cov keyboard thiab nas rau USB txuas, txuas tus saib ntawm lub HDMI txuas thiab lub hwj huam muab;
7. Ntsaws microcomputer fais fab muab tso rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob thiab tos rau Raspbian kev khiav hauj lwm rau khau raj.

Qhov kev yooj yim zoo yog tias daim ntawv thov Etcher tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntawm txhua lub operating loj: Windows, Linux thiab MacOS.

Txhim kho Windows 10 ntawm Raspberry Pi 3

Txhawm rau nruab Windows 10 IoT Core ntawm Raspberries siv NOOBS, koj yuav tsum tau ua txoj hauv kev zoo li kev txhim kho Raspbian siv NOOBS. Qhov txawv tsuas yog nyob hauv kauj ruam 9, thaum qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau nruab rau nruab tshwm, koj yuav tsum xaiv Windows 10 IoT Tub Ntxhais.

Koj tseem tuaj yeem nruab Windows 10 siv cov upload ncaj qha rau microSD daim npav. Txoj kev no yooj yim vim tias nws tau yooj yim dua li txhim kho los ntawm NOOBS. Ib qho ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem npaj tau ob peb lub cim xeeb zoo ib yam, piv txwv li, yog tias koj yuav ua kev coj ua kev qhia ntawm Windows 10 IoT Core lossis yog tias koj xav tau xa ntau lub hauv computer tuaj nrog lub OS uantej thiab ua tiav cov ntawv thov rau tus qhua lag luam ib zaug.

Microsoft tau saib xyuas cov neeg siv kev paub dhau los thiab tso tawm ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb uas ua kom yooj yim dua. Ua raws li nram no:

1. rub tawm lub Windows 10 IoT Core Dashboard daim ntawv thov los ntawm Microsoft network ntawm, nruab nws thiab tua nws;
2. ntxig daim npav cim xeeb uas koj xav kom sau cov duab ntawm lub operating system rau hauv lub cuab yeej rau kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv microSD;
3. hauv IoT Core Dashboard qhov rai, qhia meej txog qhov tseem ceeb rau Cov Ntaus Ntaus thaj teb ("Ntaus Ntaus", piv txwv li, "Raspberry Pi 2 & 3"), OS tsim (Windows 10 tsim tus lej), Tsav (daim ntawv tsav sib nug xov mus rau nco daim card), Ntaus cov npe (lub npe ntawm lub microcomputer uas khiav lub Windows 10), Tus Administrator tshiab (password), Tshawb kom paub ntxiv Tus Thawj Fwm Saib xyuas lo lus zais (ntxiv password tus thawj tswj);
4. yog tias koj xav tau lub Raspberry Pi uas tau khiav lub Windows 10 los txuas rau Wi-nkaus network paub rau koj lub computer tom qab pib, khij kab ntawv ntawm Wi-nkaus Kev Sib Txuas Network thiab xaiv Wi-nkaus network los ntawm cov kab ntawv;
5. kos rau kuv lees txais software daim ntawv tso cai cov ntawv cim checkbox thiab nyem Download thiab nruab. IoT Core Dashboard yuav cia li rub tawm qhov duab uas xav tau ntawm lub Windows 10 thiab sau nws rau daim npav microSD.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg, txawm li cas los xij, IoT Core Dashboard daim ntawv thov tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm lub Windows operating system, yog li nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau macOS thiab Linux cov neeg siv.

Txhim kho Kodi Media Center ntawm Raspberry Pi 3

Kodi yog kev tshaj tawm free media player nrog tus siv-phooj ywg interface. Nws yog rau nws qhov ua tau zoo thiab nthuav dav uas tus tsim ntawm Raspberry Pi suav nws nyob hauv NOOBS daim ntawv thov teeb tsa. Feem ntau hais lus, Kodi tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau Raspberry Pi 3 ua qhov Raspbian app. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev qha daws teeb meem. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm LibreELEC lossis OSMC, uas tsuas yog Kodi thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv tsim nyog rau nws txoj haujlwm.

Txhawm rau nruab Kodi, ua txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam li kev txhim kho Raspbian OS siv NOOBS. Qhov txawv tsuas yog nyob hauv kauj ruam 9, thaum qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau nruab rau nruab tshwm, koj yuav tsum xaiv LibreELEC lossis OSMC.

Txhim kho qhov OS ntawm Raspberry Pi 3 rau cov tub nkeeg

Yog tias koj tub nkeeg dhau los lossis tsis muaj sijhawm los sau nws tus kheej NOOBS teeb tsa software ntawm lub cim xeeb daim ntawv, koj tuaj yeem yuav nws nrog cov uas twb sau tseg NOOBS. Rau tus nqi, nws tsis yog txawv ntawm daim ntawv npliag. Ib qho txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm txoj hau kev no yog tias daim npav no zoo li yuav haum siab nrog microcomputer no.

Raspberry Pi 3 qauv B +: tshiab hauv 2018

Cov Raspberry Pi tau hloov zuj zus mus sai heev, thiab txhua xyoo cov neeg tsim tawm tso tawm yam tshiab. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev hloov tshiab ntawm 2018 rau niaj hnub no, tau kawg, qhov tshaj tawm ntawm qhov hloov tshiab ntawm no ib-pawg khoos phis tawj - Raspberry Pi 3 qauv B +:

Raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Raspberry Pi Foundation lub vev xaib, ntawm no yog nws lub ntsiab sib txawv los ntawm cov qauv qub dhau los ntawm ib pawg thawj coj:

• tso zis zaus nce ntawm 1.2 txog 1.4 GHz;
• 2-qhab Wi-nkaus 802.11ac;
• qhov ceev ceev ntawm qhov txuas ntawm Ethernet txuas tau nce ntxiv ntawm 100 txog 300 Mbit / s;
• ntau tshaj bluetooth version 4.2.

Tseem muaj tus lej ntawm cov kev txhim kho me.

Uas yog txhua yam muaj yog rau nws hais txog qhov no amazing kos computer. Txaus siab rau koj Raspberry Pi!